Germans and Hungarians in Southeast Europe (20th/21st c.)

The monograph consists of an introductory theoretical chapter and an empirical part with examples of identity- and ethnomanagement of the Germans and Hungarians in Southeast Europe. The theory building of the two notions identity- and ethnomanagement has been prefaced to formulate thesis ap- propriately. Further, my theoretical improvements in the frame of rethinking of these notions should refer to their protagonist-oriented concept. The empirical research chapter is based on field-works on the German and Hungarian minorities conducted in the following areas and regions: Transylvania/ Transilvania/ Erdély, Slavonia/ Slavonija/ Szlavnia, Slovenia/ Slovenija/ Szlovénia, Southwest Hun- gary/ Dél-Dunntl and Vojvodina/ Vajdasg. The introductory chapter highlightens the key-notions (identity, ethnicity and ethnic group) of the theoretical concept and debates their interrelations with the terms identity- and ethnomanagement. Identitymanagement and its connotations serve to some extent as an antecessor for ethnomanagement, which shall be understood in this regard as a consistent enhancement of identitymanagement without replacing it entirely. Additional conceptual considerations are connected with the following synergy fields: Historical Anthropology/ Ethnohistory, phenomena of globalisation/glocalisation, characteris- tics of cultural hybridity as well as ethnic-group-branding. The plurality and variety of examples map the ethno-political and cultural practices of the German and Hungarian minorities in Southeast Europe: the first sub-chapter delineates the role of ethnicity in nation states, the involvement of minorities in ethnic politics and subsequently the identi- ty- and ethnomanagement from inside and from outside. The following sub-chapter introduces the Germans and Hungarians in the above named regions on the basis of their self-ascriptions and ethnic markers. Furthermore, the interrelations and loyalties of both ethnic groups to their respective har- bourage- and patronage-state will be analysed by selected examples. Another sub-chapter outlines recent legal forms of minority protection in the targeted nation states, because identity- and ethnoman- agers room for manoeuvre depends strongly on the legal framework in the regions. The next chapter introduces umbrella-organisations as well as minority-societies and self-governments, which has to be considered as crystallisations of the German and Hungarian identity- and ethnomanagement hence the protagonists of minorities organisations and their activities have been trendsetting and in many ways conclusive for my research. Various aspects on the culture of remembrance of the German and Hungarian minorities in Southeast Europe at least complete the analyses of their ethno-political activi- ties. The very last chapter of the monograph however, deals with important intermediaries and in- struments of identity- and ethnomanagement facilitating the collective identity: German and Hungari- an minorities media, minorities school system and formal education and further minorities literature and fine arts.

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